英语作文网
作文模板 写作语法 写作技巧 写作格式 名言佳句 美文欣赏 祝福语 短文阅读
主页 > 英语写作指导 > 英语写作语法 > 正文

英语直接引语和间接引语用法

来源: 英语作文网栏目: 英语写作语法

一、概述

引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲,直接引语前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。

Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说:“我很忙”。(直接引语)

Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。(宾语从句是间接引语)

从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下:

二、直接引语是陈述句时

直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省去),that从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1、人称的变化

直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化,把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。

He said , “I like it very much.” 他说:“我非常喜欢它”。

→He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变)

He said, “You told me this story.”他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。”

→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me改为him, told改为had told)

He said to me, “She's left her book in your room”.他对我说:“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”

He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。(She's→she had, her不变,your→my)

2、 时态的变化

(1)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时

直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般将来进行时
过去将来进行时
一般将来完成时
过去将来完成时

如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表:

He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说:“我常在星期天看电视”。

→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。

He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说:“我正在用小刀。”

→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。

She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她说:“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”

→She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。

He said,“I came to help you.”他说:“我来帮助你。”

→He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。

He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说:“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”

→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。

Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”周兰说:“下课后我就去做。”

→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。

He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”他说:“那时我将正在做作业。”

→He said that he should be doing his homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。

He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.”他说:“我们将在那时以前完成工作。”

→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。

注意:直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时,变为间接引语时,时态不变。

The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老师说:“地球是圆的。”

→The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。

He said, “I was born in Shangdong in 1965.” 他说: “我1965年生于山东。”

→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他说他1965年生于山东。

He said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他说:“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。”

→He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。

(2)主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时

如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一律不变

He says, “I finished the work.”他说:“我做完工作了。”

He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了。

He will say, “I have watered the flowers.” 他会说:“我己经浇花了。”

He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。

英语写作语法

猜你喜欢

英语写作语法